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Google Search Ranking Factors

The most important ranking factor for the big money keywords is Site Architecture of the Domain.
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Google search ranking factors can be divided into two categories.

Page Rank factors are not specific to any keyword and measure general page quality and popularity.

Page Reputation factors measure the quantity and quality of information related to a specific keyword.

Page Rank - Domain (Site Wide) Factors

Site Architecture of the Domain (whether intelligent, useful hierarchies are employed)
Length of Domain Registration
Server Uptime
Verified Address and Phone Number
Alexa Traffic Rank

Page Rank - On page general ranking factors

Quantity and Uniqueness of Content
Recency of content
Rotation of content
Short URL
Short Title Tag

Links to other pages in the same domain
Links to other domains

Page load time
Static URL
Ratio of Code to Text
Description Tag
W3C Validation

Page Rank - Incoming link general ranking factors

Trust Rank sites: Yahoo Dir., DMOZ.org, Wikipedia, ipl.org?,

Total Page Rank of links from qualified human edited content
Quality of links from qualified human edited content

Total Page Rank of links from Social Networks and Bookmarking
Quality of links from Social Networks and Bookmarking

Total Page Rank of links from unique Class C IP addresses
Quality of links from unique Class C IP addresses

Total Page Rank of links from Restricted Access TLD Extensions  (i.e. .edu and .gov) with unique Class C IP addresses
Quality of links from Restricted Access TLD Extensions  (i.e. .edu and .gov) with unique Class C IP addresses

Total Page Rank of links from unique  IP addresses
Quality of links from unique IP addresses

Total Page Rank of links from with the domain
Quality of links from within the domain

Total Page Rank of links from all indexed domains
Quality of links from all indexed domains

Total Page Rank of links from all indexed pages
Quality of links from all indexed pages

Mentions of the page URL with out linking.

Quality Factors
Link Visibly - Location. Font size, color, etc. Image link.
Ratio of links to total number of links on the page
Links in content areas
 

http://www.seomoz.org/article/search-ranking-factors#ranking-factors

Google Webmaster Guidelines

http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=35769